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  Table of Contents:         (There's always something new! Check this page often!)  
  > Comprehensive & Education Resources           
  > Mechanics                    
  > Properties of Matter              
  > Heat & Thermodynamics          
  > Waves & Sound                  
  > Light & Optics                  
  > Electricity & Magnetism           
  > Atomic & Nuclear                
  > Relativity, Astronomy & Cosmology          
  > Mathematics & Computers          
  > Physics in History                
                                 
  Comprehensive & Education Resources  
    Reference Sites                 
      ® Eric Weisstein's World of Physics (encyclopedia)           
      ® Physics Factbook (factbook)          
      ® Physics Hypertextbook (by Glenn Elert)          
      ® Physics at Wikipedia (free multi-language online encyclopedia)      
    From Other Schools and Individuals          
      Interactive Physics           
        ® Colorado - Univ of CO @ Boulder, Interactive Physics (easy lectures online)      
        ® Edinburgh, Univ of, Physics Dept - Vibrations & Waves Applets      
        ® Falstad - Math & Physics Applets designed by Paul Falstad (fantastic!)      
        ® Michigan Tech Physics Dept (tons of stuff!)           
        ® Tennessee Univ, Phys/Astro Dept - How Things Work (animated GIFs)      
        ® Interactive Engineer HAMLET Project (USE WITH CARE)      
    For Physics Teachers           
      Reference Sites              
        ® The Physics Teacher's Index (tons of stuff!)           
        ® Teacher Resources (Math Forum - Drexel Univ)          
        ® Teacher Exchange (Math Forum - Drexel Univ)          
      Bad Science                
        ® Recurring Science Misconceptions in K-6 Textbooks       
  Mechanics      
    General Mechanics References          
      ® "The Mechanical Universe" (the complete 52 episode series online, free with registration)  
      ® Mechanics Resources (Physics Hypertextbook)          
    Games & Sports               
      Pool & Billiards               
        ® The Illustrated Principles of Pool and Billiards (excellent movies!)      
      Martial Arts                 
        ® The Judo Information Site (movies!)          
    Vehicles                     
      Ground-based (cars, trucks, hovercraft, motorcycles, bikes, skates, etc.)   
        ® The RIOT Wheel (Burning Man's single-wheel vehicle) (Thanks Karin Olson!)      
        ® Pursuing the Land Speed Record          
      Water-based (boats, subs, hydrofoils, skis, etc.)       
      Air-based (jets, prop-planes, helicopters, gliders, rockets, etc.)     
      Space-based (rockets, satellites, star-ships, probes, etc.)       
    Translational (Linear) Motion & Kinematics         
      Momentum & Impulse (Δp) (Δp)          
        from the Soundtrack:          
          "Who Put The Bomp" by Barry Mann          
    Rotational Motion               
      Kinematics of Angular Motion          
        ® Linear to Angular Motion "Cheat" Sheet (Word doc)      
      Gyroscopes                
        Self-Balancing Machines          
          Segway Scooters (Solid State Gyros)          
            ® Segway company website          
            ® How the Segway works (@ Segway LLC)        
            ® How the Segway works (@ Howstuffworks)      
          Robots                
            ® Self-Balancing Robots          
            ® Robots built at home          
      from the Soundtrack:          
        "You Spin Me Round" by Dead or Alive          
    Energy (Potential, Kinetic & Work)           
      Simple Machines            
        Levers                    
          Levers in Action (trebuchets, etc.)          
            ® Farmer builds trebuchet the throw cars, pianos      
        Inclines                  
        Pulleys                  
          ® How a Block and Tackle works [Howstuffworks]      
          ® Pulley Advantage (interactive java applet!)          
          ® Pulley System (interactive java applet!)          
          ® 2-D Pulley System [interactive applet; requires Java2 v1.4.1 plug in (USE WITH CARE)]  
    Gravity                       
      Tides and Tidal Forces           
        ® Geometry of the Algol Binary Star System (includes an animation!)       
        ® Basic Concepts in Physical Oceanography: Tides (LOTS from the US Navy!)       
        ® Simulation of Kelvin's Tide Predicting Machine (animation!)       
      Gravitomagnitism?          
        ® Earth's Twisty Spacewarp (gravitomagnetism?)          
      Popular Vacation Spots           
        ® The Prime Meridian (Tourism to Greenwich, England)      
      Orbital Motion (Kepler & Satellites)          
        ® Orbital Mechanics (great math analysis!)          
  Properties of Matter      
    Elements and Chemistry Fundamentals           
      Periodic Tables               
        ® Interactive Periodic Table          
        ® Government Periodic Table          
      Chemistry Demos          
        ® Chemistry Demos & Links          
      Molecules of Interest          
        ® Structure of DNA              
    Solids                       
      Architecture                
        ® Buildings Index (stats on world buildings)          
      Catenary                  
        The Mathematical Curve          
          ® Defintion (Math World)          
          ® Famous Curves Index: Catenary (diagram, history)      
          ® Computing with Curves (comp.sci)          
          ® Minimum Rotation-Surface (interactive graphics)      
        In Arches                  
          ® Arch Remarks              
          ® Arch Forces              
          ® Biological Architecture          
          ® Build an Arch              
        In Bridges                  
          ® Bridge  Building - Art and Science          
          ® Catenary Funiculars in Bridge Structure          
          ® Examples at the Exploritorium          
          ® Hanging with Galileo (bridges, chains, etc.)          
          ® The Catenary: A Curve of Low Potential Energy (activity) [bad link?]      
          ® Statics of a Hanging Chain (geometry, physics, diff.eqns)      
        For Square Wheels            
          ® Amusing property of Catenary (Java animation)      
          ® Catenary Road and Square Wheels          
        Popular Catenary Vacations Spots          
          ® Sagrada Familia in Barcelona, Spain          
          ® Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Gateway Arch      
          ® Arch History & Architectural Information          
          ® Gateway Arch, St. Louis, USA (panorama view)      
    Liquids                     
      Liquids in Chemistry           
        ® Glossary of Liquids Terminology          
        ® Water Structure and Behavior (more than you ever thought possible)      
      Buoyancy                  
        ® Buoyancy in Liquids          
      Hydrostatics (water not moving)          
        ® Hydrostatic Pressure in Liquids          
    Gases                       
      Spectra of Gas Discharges          
        ® Spectra of Gas Discharges (beautiful examples!)        
        ® Optics/Photonics Interactive Tutorials (Lots of stuff!)      
  Heat & Thermodynamics      
    The Realm of The Very Cold           
      Liquid Nitrogen               
        ® Liquid Nitrogen Demonstration Movies (movies!)          
      from the Soundtrack:          
        "Ice Ice Baby" by Vanilla Ice          
    Conduction                   
      Insulation                   
        ® Standard Insulating Co. Inc. - Various Insulation Material      
    Convection                   
      Air Conditioning             
        ® How Stuff Works - Air Conditioning (great pictures!)      
    Radiation                     
      Solar                     
        ® Solar Radiation Definitions (glossary)          
      Terrestrial (from Earth)           
        ® Annual terrestrial radiation doses in the world (interactive map)      
      from the Soundtrack:          
        "Paint It Black" by The Rolling Stones          
    Three Laws of Thermodynamics           
      #1: You can't win. (Energy can't be created or destroyed)      
      #2: You can't break even. (No perpetual motion machines)      
      #3: You can't get out of the game. (Entropy/chaos always increases)  
        from the Soundtrack:          
          "Third Rock from the Sun" by Joe Diffee          
    Heat Engines & Heat Pumps          
      Engines (turning heat into work)          
      Pumps (applying work to move heat)          
        ® How Air Conditioners Work (howstuffworks.com)        
  Waves & Sound      
    Wave Structures               
      Waves in Space (Traveling Waves)           
        ® APS Resources on Waves          
      Waves in Time (Vibration)           
        ® Physics Dept, Univ of Edinburgh - Vibrations & Waves Applets      
        ® Circular Membrane Applet (interactive - wild!)          
      Earthquakes                
        ® USGS - Recent Earthquakes in California          
      Fourier Analysis              
        ® Fourier Series Simulation (interactive sound/graphics - cool!)      
      Interference                
        ® Interference of 2 sources (interactive - very cool!)        
      Diffraction                  
        Micrography / Crystalography          
          ® Big Picture Book of Viruses          
    Sound in General (phonons)           
    Music                       
      Acoustics                   
        ® Acoustics and Vibration Animations (animated gifs!)      
        ® Vibrational Modes of a Circular Membrane (DRUMS!)      
      from the Soundtrack:          
        "Hells Bells" by AC-DC          
  Light & Optics      
    The Electromagnetic Wave Spectrum          
      Microwaves                
        ® Microwave Oven FAQs          
    The Speed of Light              
      Measuring                  
        ® Measure the Speed of Light with Chocolate and a Microwave      
    Color and the Visual Spectrum          
      Color Mixing                
        ® Color mixing                
      from the Soundtrack:          
        "Kodachrome Maybelline" by Simon and Garfunkel      
    Optics                      
      General                    
        ® Optics demos (interactive)          
      Mirrors                    
      Lenses                    
        The Eye                  
          ® "Transparent" Cells of the Human Eye Lens (pictures)      
          ® Corneas and Eye Problems          
    Photon Absorption & Emission           
      Spectra of Gas Discharges          
        ® Spectra of Gas Discharges (beautiful examples!)        
        ® Optics/Photonics Interactive Tutorials (Lots of stuff!)      
    Seeing Things Too Small To See          
      Micrography / Crystalography          
        ® Electron Microscopy [@ Univ of NE at Lincoln]          
        ® Big Picture Book of Viruses          
  Electricity & Magnetism      
    Electrostatics (charges not moving)          
    Electrodynamics (charges in motion, i.e. current)      
      Semiconductors            
        ® Semiconductor Applets (interactive!)          
    Magnetism                  
      Basics                    
        ® Review of Magnetism          
      Big Magnets                
        ® The 20 Tesla "Bitter" Magnet          
        ® Magnet sets world record          
      Levitation                  
        ® The Levitating Frog (pictures and movies!) [Radboud Univ, Nijmegen, Netherlands]  
        ® "Science" behind the Levitating Frog          
    Electromagnetics              
    from the Soundtrack:          
      "Electric Avenue" by Eddy Grant          
  Atomic & Nuclear      
    General                     
      Interesting Animated GIFs           
        ® Astronomy Unbound Clip Art (animated gifs!)          
      Comprehensive Material           
        ® The Particle Adventure (very nice slide show!)          
        ® Interactive Particle Chart          
      Popular Vacation Spots           
        ® Fermi National Accelerator Lab          
    "Modern" Physics (The "New" Atomic Model)      
      Planck's Constant          
        ® Planck's constant (1899)          
        ® Planck's constant @ Wolfram's ScienceWorld          
        ® Planck's constant @ Wikipedia          
      Albert Einstein's Photoelectric Effect          
        ® Photoelectric Effect (nice explanation) (1905)          
        ® Photoelectric effect @ Wikipedia          
      Louis de Broglie's wavelength          
        ® Broglie's wavelength (1924) (explanation & excellent interactive animation!)      
        ® De Broglie hypothesis @ Wikipedia          
      Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle          
        ® Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle (1927)          
    Atomic (Atoms including Electrons)           
      Elements in General          
        ® Interactive Periodic Table          
        ® Government Periodic Table          
      Electrons                  
        ® Discovery of the Electron (Amer.Inst. Of Phys)          
        ® Discovery of the Electron Charge (Oil Drop Experiment)      
        Electron Microscopes          
          ® Electron Microscopy [Univ of NE at Lincoln]          
          ® Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) [Univ of NE]      
          ® Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) [Univ of NE]      
          ® Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) [Purdue University]      
          ® Image Sharpness [N.I.S.T.]          
          and Nanometrology (the study of nanometer size things)      
            ® Electron Microscopes and Nanometrology       
      Excitation of Electrons within Atoms          
        ® Excite an atom (interactive java applet!)          
        ® 3D wave functions (orbitals) of H-atom electrons (interactive - very cool!)      
      Spectra of Gas Discharges          
        ® Spectra of Gas Discharges (beautiful examples!)        
        ® Optics/Photonics Interactive Tutorials (Lots of stuff!)      
        ® History of the Cathode Ray Tube:          
    Nuclear (Atom Nuclei only)           
      Neutrons & Protons          
        ® Who Discovered the Proton?          
        ® Nuclear Twins: The Discovery of the Proton and Neutron:      
        ® Discovery of the Neutron          
        from the Soundtrack:          
          "Neutron Dance" by Pointer Sisters          
      Nuclear Reaction Simulation           
        ® Nuclear reaction simulation (interactive java applet!)      
    Radiation & Radioactivity          
      from the Soundtrack:          
        "Radioactive" by The Firm          
    Quantum (Sub-Nuclear)           
      Particles (Quarks, etc.)          
        ® Quarks & Other Sub-atomic Particles          
      Characteristics              
        ® The Rigid Rotator (spherical harmonics - interactive - very cool!)      
  Relativity, Astronomy & Cosmology>  
    Relativity                     
      Traveling Near the Speed of Light           
        ® C-ship: Relativistic ray traced images (movies!)          
    Astronomy                   
      Popular Vacation Spots           
        ® Space Camp for Grown-ups          
    Cosmology                  
  Mathematics & Computers    
    Mathematics                   
      (See also: "Math History" in the "Physics in History" section.)     
      Math Dictionaries and Encyclopedias           
        ® Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics      
        ® PRIME Math Encyclopedia          
        ® Math League                
        ® Math Forum - Internet Mathematics Library (Drexel Univ - Philadelphia)      
        ® Ask Dr. Math (Math Forum - Drexel Univ)          
        ® MacTutor History of Math archive (Math/CS Dept, St Andrews Univ)      
      How to Solve Math Problems           
        ® Solving Story Problems          
        ® Algebra Story and Word Problems          
      General Math Questions           
        ® Ask-A-Scientist Archive          
        ® Math League Help Topics          
        ® Smile Program Mathematics Index          
      Coordinate Systems          
        ® Coordinate Systems (MIT visualizations)          
      Vectors                    
        ® Vector Tutorial (Math Forum - Drexel Univ)          
        ® History of Vectors (Math/CS Dept, St Andrews Univ)      
      Geometry (General Resources)          
        ® Science - Math - Geometry (Resources)          
      Surface of Rotations          
        ® Surface of Revolution (Math World)          
      Things that aren't as sexy as they sound      
        ® Famous Curves Index          
      On the Road to Calculus           
        ® Tangent Line Approximation          
        ® Newton's Integration          
    Computers                   
      Rendering of Physics Concepts          
        ® NSF VISUALIZATION CONTEST!!!          
        ® Falstad - Math & Physics Applets designed by Paul Falstad (fantastic!)      
        ® Numerical Recipes in C++ (for compu-geeks who love physics problems)      
      General Rendering (non-physics)          
        ® Computer Face animation (very cool!)          
        ® Computer Animation Information Page          
  Physics in History      
    General                     
      ® History Topics Index at University of St. Andrews, Scotland      
      ® Center for History of Physics at the American Institute of Physics (AIP)      
      ® Wikipedia (free multi-language online encyclopedia)          
    Arranged by People             
      Index of Biographies          
        ® Index of Biographies at University of St. Andrews, Scotland          
        ® Index of Biographies at Wolfram Science World          
      Archimedes (c. 284-211 BC, Greece)          
        ® Archimedes Principle (Bouyancy)          
      Bitter, Francis (1902-1967, England)          
        ® Bitter designs new electromagnet          
      Cavendish, Henry (1731-1810, England)        
        ® Cavendish discovers the Universal Gravitational Constant, G      
      de Broglie, Louiz (1892-1987, France)          
        ® Louis-Victor de Broglie - bio @ Wikipedia          
      Edison, Thomas Alva (1847-1931)          
        ® Hall of Fame                
        ® History's Heros              
        ® Inventor's Library              
      Einstein, Albert (1879-1955, Germany)          
        ® Einstein bio @ Amer. Inst. Of Physics          
        ® Einstein bio @ Wolfram Science World          
        ® Mass-Energy equivalency equation  (E = m c²)      
      Feynman, Richard (1918-1988, USA)          
        ® Richard Phillips Feynman - bio @ St Andrews Univ      
        ® Info on Richard Feynman          
        “Surely You’re Joking, Mr.Feynman!” by Richard Feynman      
      Heisenberg, Werner Karl (1901-1976, Germany)      
        ® Werner Karl Heisenberg - bio @ St Andrews Univ        
        ® Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle (1927)          
      Millikan, Robert (1868-1953, USA)          
        ® Discovery of the Electron Charge (Oil Drop Experiment)      
      Pascal, Blaise (1623 - 1662, France)          
        ® Pascal pressure principle          
      Planck, Max (1858-1947, Germany)          
        ® Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck - bio @ St Andrews Univ      
        ® Max Planck bio @ Wikipedia          
        ® Planck's constant             
      Torricelli, Evangelista  (1608-1647, Italy)        
        ® Evangelista Torricelli invents the barometer          
      Thomson, J.J. (1856-1940, England)          
        ® Discovery of the Electron (Amer.Inst. Of Phys)          
      Women in Physics           
        ® 4,000 Years of Women in Science          
    Arranged by Places             
      Alexandria, Library of (Egypt)          
        ® Library of Alexandria (Wikipedia)          
        ® The Burning of the Library of Alexandria (eHistory.com)      
      China - History of Science          
        ® History of Science in China          
      India - History of Science          
        ® History of Science in India          
      Nuclear Sites (1942 and forward)          
        ® Trinity - First atomic bomb test site          
        ® Chernobyl (World Nuclear Association report)          
        ® Three Mile Island (US Nuclear Regulatory Commission factsheet)      
      Physics Laboratories (Famous and current)      
        ® CERN - world's largest particle physics laboratory      
        ® NIST - National Institute of Standards & Technology (US Govt)      
        ® Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory      
        ® Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (US DOE)        
        ® Science & Tech @ Lawerence Livermore National Laboratory (UC for US DOE)    
    Arranged by Things             
      Inventions & Discoveries           
        ® Cathode Ray Tube, History of          
        ® Electron, Discovery of (1897) (Amer.Inst.Phys site)      
        ® Electron Charge, Discovery of (1907)          
        ® Gravitational Constant, Universal - G          
        ® Neutron, Discovery of          
        ® Proton, Discovery of          
        ® Proton and Neutron, Discovery of          
      Math History                 
        ® Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics      
        ® MacTutor History of Math archive (Math/CS Dept, St Andrews Univ)      
        ® The History of e